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1 Large Block Architecture
Computers: LBAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Large Block Architecture
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2 LBA
1) Компьютерная техника: Large Block Architecture2) Военный термин: Long- Bow Apache, launch base area, lightweight body armor3) Техника: linear bounded automaton, Loop break alarm4) Сокращение: Luftfahrtbundesamt (Civil Aviation Authority (Germany)), Linear-Bounded Automaton5) Вычислительная техника: Logical Block Addressing (EIDE), logical block addressing, автомат с линейно ограниченной памятью, логическая адресация блоков6) СМИ: Little Big Adventure7) Деловая лексика: Lease By Application8) Программирование: Large Block Addressing, Linear Block Addressing, Logical Block Address, Long Block Addressing -
3 конструкция
architecture, arrangement, configuration, construct вчт., construction, project, structure, style, work* * *констру́кция ж.
( инженерное решение) design; (сооружение, строение) construction, structureконстру́кция А бо́лее разрабо́тана, чем констру́кция Б — A is a more advanced design than Bотраба́тывать констру́кцию — ( усовершенствовать) refine a design; ( опробовать) try out a designпересма́тривать констру́кцию — re-designпросто́й по констру́кции — simple in design or constructionразраба́тывать констру́кцию — develop a design or a constructionрассчи́тывать констру́кцию на про́чность — analyze the structure for stresses and strainsсоздава́ть констру́кцию с учё́том бу́дущих усло́вий эксплуата́ции — adapt the design to future needsубра́ть изли́шества из констру́кции — reduce the design to bare necessities, cut the frills from the designуси́ливать констру́кцию — ruggedize the design or the constructionагрега́тная констру́кция — unit-type designажу́рная констру́кция — open workбезра́мная констру́кция — frameless [integral chassis and body] constructionбло́чная констру́кция1. вчт. block [modular] design; modular construction2. ( котла) panelized constructionвися́чая констру́кция — suspension constructionвне́шне неопредели́мая констру́кция — externally indeterminate constructionвну́тренне неопредели́мая констру́кция — internally indeterminate constructionжё́сткая констру́кция ( снабженная элементами или связями жёсткости) — braced [trussed] structureконстру́кция ка́беля — cable make-upкарка́сная констру́кция — skeleton constructionко́мплексная констру́кция — composite structureкрупнобло́чная констру́кция — large-block constructionкрупнопане́льная констру́кция — large-panel constructionмаке́тная констру́кция элк. — breadboard constructionметалли́ческая констру́кция — metalworkмногопролё́тная констру́кция — multispan structureмо́дульная констру́кция — modular design, modular constructionмоноко́ковая констру́кция ав. — monocoque structureмоноли́тная констру́кция — cast-in-place [cast-in-situ] constructionнесу́щая констру́кция — load-carrying structureоболо́чковая констру́кция — shell-type constructionконстру́кция о́буви — shoe constructionпане́льная констру́кция — bearing-wall constructionконстру́кция пе́чи ( мартеновской), [m2]ве́рхняя — superstructureконстру́кция повы́шенной живу́чести — fail-safe structureпредвари́тельно напряжё́нная констру́кция — prestressed constructionсбо́рная констру́кция — built-up [prefabricated, precast] constructionсбо́рно-моноли́тная констру́кция — composite [precast-cast-in-place] constructionсварна́я констру́кция — welded constructionсейсмосто́йкая констру́кция — earthquake resistant structureконстру́кция с заполни́телем ав. — sandwich constructionсилова́я констру́кция — load-bearing unitскла́дчатая констру́кция стр. — folded plate constructionсме́шанная констру́кция — composite structureсо́товая констру́кция — honeycomb sandwichконстру́кция с рабо́тающей обши́вкой ав. — stressed-skin structureстальна́я констру́кция — steel construction, steelworkстати́чески неопредели́мая констру́кция — statically indeterminable [statically indeterminate, redundant] constructionстати́чески определи́мая констру́кция — statically determinate structure -
4 socle
socle [sɔkl]masculine noun[de statue, colonne] plinth ; [de lampe] base* * *sɔklnom masculin1) ( base) (de statue, pilier) pedestal, plinth; (de lampe, construction) base; ( d'appareil) stand3) Géographie platform* * *sɔkl nm1) [colonne, statue] plinth, pedestal2) [lampe] base3) fig (= base) basissocle commun ÉDUCATION — common grounding
* * *socle nm3 Géol platform.socle continental Géol continental platform.[sɔkl] nom masculin[stylobate] stylobate[d'un mur] footing4. MENUISERIE [de chambranle] skirting, capping -
5 Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 6 October 1887 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerlandd. 27 August 1965 Cap Martin, France[br]Swiss/French architect.[br]The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Zurich University 1933. Honorary Member RIBA 1937. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. American Institute of Architects Gold Medal 1961. Honorary Degree University of Geneva 1964.BibliographyHis chief publications, all of which have been numerously reprinted and translated, are: 1923, Vers une architecture.1935, La Ville radieuse.1946, Propos d'urbanisme.1950, Le Modular.Further ReadingP.Blake, 1963, Le Corbusier: Architecture and Form, Penguin. R.Furneaux-Jordan, 1972, Le Corbusier, Dent.W.Boesiger, 1970, Le Corbusier, 8 vols, Thames and Hudson.——1987, Le Corbusier: Architect of the Century, Arts Council of Great Britain.DYBiographical history of technology > Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
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6 capital
1. adjective1) Todes[strafe, -urteil]; Kapital[verbrechen]2) attrib. Groß-, (fachspr.) Versal[buchstabe]capital letters — Großbuchstaben; Versalien (fachspr.)
with a capital A — etc. mit großem A usw. od. (fachspr.) mit Versal-A usw.
3) attrib. (principal) Haupt[stadt]4) (Commerc.)2. nouncapital sum/expenditure — Kapitalbetrag, der/-aufwendungen Pl.
1) (letter) Großbuchstabe, der[large] capitals — Großbuchstaben; Versalien (fachspr.)
small capitals — Kapitälchen (fachspr.)
write one's name in [block] capitals — seinen Namen in Blockbuchstaben schreiben
3) (stock, accumulated wealth) Kapital, dasmake capital out of something — (fig.) aus etwas Kapital schlagen (ugs.)
* * *I 1. ['kæpitl] noun1) (the chief town or seat of government: Paris is the capital of France.) die Hauptstadt2) ((also capital letter) any letter of the type found at the beginning of sentences, proper names etc: THESE ARE CAPITAL LETTERS / CAPITALS.) der Großbuchstabe2. adjective1) (involving punishment by death: a capital offence.) Todes-...2) (excellent: a capital idea.) großartig•- academic.ru/10701/capitalism">capitalism- capitalist
- capitalist
- capitalistic II ['kæpitl] noun(in architecture, the top part of a column of a building etc.) das Kapitell* * *capi·tal[ˈkæpɪtəl, AM -ət̬əl]I. nfinancial \capital Finanzmetropole fin [large] \capitals in Großbuchstabensmall \capitals Kapitälchen plcost of \capital Kapitalzinsen plflight of \capital Kapitalflucht fmovements of \capital Kapitalverkehr m\capital for covering risks Risikodeckungskapital ntauthorized [or nominal] \capital genehmigtes Grundkapitalcalled-up \capital aufgerufenes Kapitalcirculating \capital Umlaufvermögen nt, Betriebskapital ntequity \capital Aktienkapital ntfixed \capital Anlagevermögen nthuman \capital Menschenkapital ntissued \capital ausgegebenes Kapitaljunior/senior \capital nachrangiges/vorrangiges Kapitalpaid-up \capital eingezahltes Kapitalregistered \capital genehmigtes Kapitalrisk \capital Risikokapital ntshare \capital Aktienkapital ntventure \capital Wagniskapital ntworking \capital Betriebskapital nt\capital invested Kapitaleinsatz m\capital paid in Kapitaleinzahlung ffully paid-up \capital voll einbezahltes Kapitalto put \capital into a company Kapital in ein Unternehmen investieren1. (principal) Haupt-\capital city Hauptstadt f\capital error Kardinalfehler m, schwerwiegender Fehler2. (upper case) Groß-\capital letter Großbuchstabe mI'm hungry with a \capital H ich habe einen Riesenhunger3. LAW Kapital-\capital offence Kapitalverbrechen nt4. (of business assets)\capital [adequacy] [or \capital-to-asset] ratio Eigenkapitalquote f\capital base Kapitalbasis f\capital market Kapitalmarkt m\capital profit Einkünfte pl aus Kapitalvermögen\capital shares Investmentfondsanteile pl\capital commitments Kapitaleinsatz m, Investitionsvolumen nt\capital employed investiertes Kapital\capital exports Kapitalausfuhr m\capital joke Mordsspaß m fam* * *['kpɪtl]1. n1) Hauptstadt f; (fig = centre) Zentrum nt2) Großbuchstabe mlarge capitals — Großbuchstaben pl, Versalien pl (spec)
small capitals — Kapitälchen pl (spec)
2. adj1) letter Groß-2)(= major)
of capital importance — von größter Bedeutungthey will be tried on a capital charge of instigating the riots — sie werden des Kapitalverbrechens der Anstiftung zum Aufruhr angeklagt werden
3.* * *capital1 [ˈkæpıtl] s ARCH Kapitell ncapital2 [ˈkæpıtl]A s1. Hauptstadt f2. Großbuchstabe m:write a word with a capital ein Wort großschreiben (mit großem Anfangsbuchstaben);write a word in capitals ein Wort großschreiben (in Großbuchstaben)3. WIRTSCH Kapital n, Vermögen n4. WIRTSCH Reinvermögen nCapital and Labo(u)r Kapital und Arbeit6. Vorteil m, Nutzen m:B adj1. JURa) kapital:capital crime Kapitalverbrechen nb) Tod(es)…:2. größt(er, e, es), höchst(er, e, es), äußerst(er, e, es):3. Haupt…, wichtigst(er, e, es):capital city Hauptstadt f4. verhängnisvoll:a capital error ein Kapitalfehler5. großartig, ausgezeichnet, fabelhaft:a capital fellow umg ein famoser Kerl;a capital joke ein Mordsspaß6. groß(geschrieben):capital letter → A 2;capital B großes B;he is mean with a capital M er ist ein furchtbarer Geizhals;it was murder with a capital M es war hundertprozentig Mordcap. abk1. capacity2. capital* * *1. adjective1) Todes[strafe, -urteil]; Kapital[verbrechen]2) attrib. Groß-, (fachspr.) Versal[buchstabe]capital letters — Großbuchstaben; Versalien (fachspr.)
with a capital A — etc. mit großem A usw. od. (fachspr.) mit Versal-A usw.
3) attrib. (principal) Haupt[stadt]4) (Commerc.)2. nouncapital sum/expenditure — Kapitalbetrag, der/-aufwendungen Pl.
1) (letter) Großbuchstabe, der[large] capitals — Großbuchstaben; Versalien (fachspr.)
small capitals — Kapitälchen (fachspr.)
write one's name in [block] capitals — seinen Namen in Blockbuchstaben schreiben
2) (city, town) Hauptstadt, die3) (stock, accumulated wealth) Kapital, dasmake capital out of something — (fig.) aus etwas Kapital schlagen (ugs.)
* * *adj.groß adj. n.Kapital -e n. -
7 объединение
1) General subject: aggregating, alliance, amalgamation, association, banding (действие), co-operation, coalescence (в группы), coalition, combine, community, copulation, corporation, embodiment, federation, fusion, hui, incorporation, merger, pool, rally, reunion (бывших противников), society, team up, team-up, unification, union, unionization, unifying, cluster, gathering2) Medicine: aggregation3) French: bloc4) Obsolete: conjuncture5) Literal: solder6) Military: build-up, command, force, large command, large unit, (воинская) military formation7) Engineering: collating (перфокарт), collation (перфокарт), conjunction, consolidation (предприятий), crowding, firm, integration, merge, merging, multiplex, multiplexing8) Bookish: consociation9) Construction: venture10) Mathematics: aggregate, collection, grouping, integrating, join, population, sum (множеств), syndicate, the sum total, totality, universe11) Religion: consociation (An association in fellowship or alliance)12) British English: company13) Railway term: commoning, interconnection (энергосистем)14) Law: block, connection (политическое, коммерческое), connexion (политическое, коммерческое), joinder, joining, junction, rejoinder, uniting (of states) (государств)15) Economy: link-up (фирм), pool (картельного типа между конкурентами), pool (соглашение картельного типа между конкурентами), pooling (напр. прибылей), unification of products16) Accounting: amalgamation (различаются два типа - поглощение и слияние), combination (различаются два типа - поглощение и слияние), institution, linking17) Architecture: unification (действие)18) Diplomatic term: union (государств)19) Information technology: collate, crowd, mesh, meshing, pack (нескольких элементов данных в памяти), packing (нескольких элементов данных в памяти), trunking (каналов), union (в ООП), uniting20) Astronautics: combining, splicing, incorporating21) Geophysics: (сейсмических профилей) merging23) Patents: incorporation (признаков изобретения)24) Business: fusing, organization, consortium25) SAP. bundle26) Drilling: interconnection (напр. систем)27) Sakhalin energy glossary: field office28) American English: association or merger ( civilian), formation (military)30) leg.N.P. corporation (as distinguished from "foundation")31) General subject: merge (потоков масла гидросистемы)32) Makarov: amalgam, amalgamate, assemblage, assembling, assembly, band, banking, block (блок), body corporate, building (of compound members), community (людей), complex, front, fuse, ganging (в группу), integration (в одно целое), merger (банков, предприятий и т.п.), packaging, packing (команд), rally (сил, действий), synthesis33) Ethology: affiliation34) SAP.fin. bolt-on35) Logistics: consolidating36) Foreign Ministry: major formation37) Electrical engineering: interconnection (энергосистемы) -
8 arche
arche [aʀ∫]feminine nouna. ( = voûte) arch* * *aʀʃnom féminin Architecture archPhrasal Verbs:* * *aʀʃ nf* * *arche nf1 Archit arch;[arʃ] nom féminin1. ARCHITECTURE archla Grande Arche (de La Défense)large office block at la Défense near Paris, shaped like a square archway -
9 Wren, Sir Christopher
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, Englandd. 25 February 1723 London, England[br]English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.[br]Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.Surveyor-General 1669–1712.Further ReadingR.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.DY -
10 light
I
1.
noun1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) luz2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) luz, lámpara3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) fuego4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) perspectiva
2. adjective1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) claro, luminoso2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) claro
3. lit verb1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) iluminar2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) encender•- lighten- lighter- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to
II
1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) ligero2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) leve3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) ligero4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) más ligero5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) ligero6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) ágil7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) ligero8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) fino9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) arenoso•- lightly- lighten- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light
III
= light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)light1 adj1. claro2. ligero / que pesa poco3. luminoso / claro4. suavelight2 n1. luz2. fuegohave you got a light? ¿tienes fuego?light3 vb1. encender / prender2. iluminar / alumbrar
light /lajt/ adjetivo invariable ‹ cigarrillos› low-tar; ‹ alimentos› low-calorie; ‹ refresco› diet ( before n)
light adj inv (cigarrillos) fuma Camel Light(tm), he smokes Camel Lights(tm) ' light' also found in these entries: Spanish: aeroplano - alumbrar - amanecer - año - aplique - avioneta - barrio - bombilla - buena - bueno - caballería - candela - cegador - cegadora - clara - claridad - claro - contraluz - deslumbrar - disco - duermevela - encender - enfocar - esclarecer - foco - fotómetro - fuego - iluminar - interruptor - leve - ligera - ligero - lumbre - luminosa - luminoso - luz - penumbra - piloto - pluma - precisa - preciso - prender - semáforo - sueño - tenue - tonadilla - trasluz - vaporosa - vaporoso - velomotor English: beam - blink - chink - deflect - fall - feather - flash - flicker - fluorescent light - go on - hand - infrared - light - light bulb - light switch - light up - light year - light-headed - light-hearted - off - pilot light - red light - red light district - see - shed - sleeper - strip light - tail-light - tone - traffic light - traffic lights - warning light - watt - absorb - admit - beacon - blind - block - bright - brighten - brilliant - bulb - candle - cast - come - dark - day - dazzle - dazzling - diettr[laɪt]■ as light as a feather ligero,-a como una pluma2 (sentence, wound) leve3 (head) mareado,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be light on something familiar andar mal de algoto be light on one's feet ser ligero,-a de piesto have light fingers tener los dedos largos, tener los dedos rápidosto make light of something dar poca importancia a algoto travel light viajar con poco equipajewith a light heart con el corazón alegrelight aircraft avionetalight ale cerveza claralight opera operetalight reading lectura fácil————————tr[laɪt]————————tr[laɪt]1 (gen) luz nombre femenino3 (for cigarette, fire) fuego■ could you give me a light, please? ¿tiene fuego, por favor?1 (ignite) encender2 (illuminate) iluminar, alumbrar1 encenderse1 (colour) claro,-a; (complexion) blanco,-a2 (bright) con mucha claridad\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLaccording to one's own lights formal use según su propio criterioin (the) light of SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL en vista de, teniendo en cuentato bring something to light sacar algo a la luzto come to light salir a luzto go out like a light familiar quedarse roqueto see the light at the end of the tunnel ver la luz al final del túnelto see things in a new light ver las cosas bajo otro aspectoto shed light on something aclarar algo, arrojar luz sobre algoto show somebody in a bad light hacer quedar mal a alguiento throw light on something aclarar algo, arrojar luz sobre algolight bulb bombillalight industry industria ligeralight meter fotómetrolight year año luz1) illuminate: iluminar, alumbrar2) ignite: encender, prenderle fuego alight vi: encenderse, prender1) land, settle: posarse2) dismount: bajarse, apearselight ['laɪt] adv1) lightly: suavemente, ligeramente2)to travel light : viajar con poco equipajelight adj1) lightweight: ligero, liviano, poco pesado2) easy: fácil, ligero, livianolight reading: lectura fácillight work: trabajo liviano3) gentle, mild: fino, suave, levea light breeze: una brisa suavea light rain: una lluvia fina4) frivolous: de poca importancia, superficial5) bright: bien iluminado, claro6) pale: claro (dícese de los colores), rubio (dícese del pelo)light n1) illumination: luz f2) daylight: luz f del día3) dawn: amanecer m, madrugada f4) lamp: lámpara fto turn on off the light: apagar la luz5) aspect: aspecto min a new light: con otros ojosin the light of: en vista de, a la luz de6) match: fósforo m, cerillo m7)to bring to light : sacar a (la) luzadj.• airoso, -a adj.• blondo, -a adj.• claro, -a adj.• ingrávido, -a adj.• leve adj.• ligero, -a adj.• liviano, -a adj.• luz adj.• rubio, -a adj.• suelto, -a adj.• sutil adj.• tenue adj.n.• candela s.f.• claro s.m.• fuego s.m.• lumbre s.f.• lumbrera s.f.• luz s.f.• lámpara s.f.v.(§ p.,p.p.: lit) = alumbrar v.• brillar v.• cebar v.• encender v.laɪt
I
1) u luz flight and shade — luz y sombra; ( Art) claroscuro m
hold it up to the light — ponlo al trasluz or a contraluz
in o by the cold light of day it didn't seem such a good idea — al pensarlo mejor or en frío, no parecía tan buena idea
at first light — al clarear (el día), con las primeras luces
to bring something to light — sacar* algo a la luz
to come to light — salir* a la luz
to hide one's light under a bushel — ser* modesto
to see the light — abrir* los ojos, comprender las cosas
to see (the) light at the end of the tunnel — vislumbrar el fin de sus (or mis etc) problemas
to see the light (of day) — ver* la luz (del día)
to throw o cast o shed light on something — arrojar luz sobre algo; (before n)
light meter — fotómetro m
2) ca) ( source of light) luz f; ( lamp) lámpara fto turn the light off — apagar* la luz
to turn the light on — encender* or (AmL tb) prender or (Esp tb) dar* la luz
warning light — señal f luminosa
to go out like a light — (colloq) ( become unconscious) caer(se)* redondo; ( fall asleep) dormirse* como un tronco, caer* como piedra (AmL fam); (before n)
b) (of car, bicycle) luz fc) ( traffic light) semáforo m3)a) ( aspect) (no pl)to see something/somebody in a good/bad/new o different light — ver* algo/a alguien con buenos/malos/otros ojos
b)in the light of o (AmE also) in light of — (as prep) a la luz de, en vista de
4) c ( for igniting)have you got a light? — ¿tienes fuego?
to put a o set light to something — prender fuego a algo
II
1) adjective -er, -estit's lighter than the other one — pesa menos que el otro, es más ligero or (esp AmL) liviano que el otro
she's a very light sleeper — tiene el sueño muy ligero or (esp AmL) liviano
3)a) ( Meteo) <breeze/wind> suavelight rain — llovizna f
b) ( sparse)the losses were fairly light — las pérdidas fueron de poca consideración or de poca monta
c) ( not strenuous) <work/duties> ligero, liviano (esp AmL)d) ( not severe) < sentence> leve4) ( not serious) <music/comedy/reading> ligeroto make light of something — quitarle or restarle importancia a algo
5)a) ( pale) <green/brown> clarob) ( bright)it gets light very early these days — ahora amanece or aclara muy temprano
it's already light — ya es de día, ya está claro
III
IV
1.
1) (past & past p lighted or lit) ( set alight) encender*, prender2) (past & past p lit) ( illuminate) \<\<room/scene\>\> iluminardimly/brightly lit — poco/muy iluminado
2.
Phrasal Verbs:- light up
I [laɪt] (vb: pt, pp lit or lighted)1. N1) (=not darkness) luz fshe was sitting with her back to the light or with the light behind her — estaba sentada de espaldas a la luz
•
against the light — al trasluzto hold sth against the light — acercar algo a la luz, mirar algo al trasluz
•
by the light of the moon/a candle — a la luz de la luna/de una vela•
at first light — al rayar el día•
you're (standing) in my light — me quitas la luz, me haces sombra•
to hold sth up to the light — acercar algo a la luz, mirar algo al trasluz- see a light at the end of the tunnel- bring sth to light- shed or throw or cast light on sth- come to light- light dawned on him/her- hide one's light- see the light- see the light of dayleading 2.2) (=lamp) luz fto switch on or turn on the light — encender la luz
to switch off or turn off the light — apagar la luz
- go out like a lightbright 3., runway3) (=electricity) luz felectric light — luz f eléctrica
4) (Aut) (on vehicle) luz f5) (=traffic signal) semáforo ma red/green/amber light — un semáforo en rojo/verde/ámbar
green 4.the lights were at or on red — el semáforo estaba en rojo
6) (=viewpoint)•
according to or by sb's lights — frm según el parecer de algn•
to see things/look at sth in a different or new light — ver las cosas/mirar algo con una perspectiva distinta or desde otro punto de vista•
in the light of what you have said... — en vista de or a la luz de lo que has dicho...7) (=glint, twinkle) brillo m8) (=flame)strike 2., 3)9) (Archit) cristal m, vidrio m2. ADJ(compar lighter) (superl lightest)1) (=bright) [room, hallway] con bastante luzwhile it's still light — mientras es de día or hay luz
•
to get light — hacerse de día2) (=pale) [colour] claro; [hair] rubio, güero (CAm, Mex); [skin] blancolight blue/green — azul/verde claro
3. VT1) (=illuminate) iluminarto be lit up * — estar achispado *
2) (=ignite) [+ match, candle, fire] encender, prender; [+ cigarette] encender4.VI (=ignite) encenderse, prenderthe fire wouldn't light — el fuego no se encendía, el fuego no prendía
5.CPDlight bulb N — bombilla f, foco m (And), bombillo m (Col, Ven)
light fitting N — instalación eléctrica donde se colocan bombillas, tubos fluorescentes etc
light meter N — (Phot) fotómetro m
light show N — espectáculo m de luces
lights out N — hora f de apagar las luces
what time is lights out? — ¿a qué hora se apagan las luces?
light switch N — interruptor m
light wave N — onda f luminosa
light year N — año m luz
- light up
II [laɪt]1. ADJ(compar lighter) (superl lightest)•
you need a light touch to make good pastry — necesitas manos de seda para conseguir una buena masa2) (=scanty, slight) [breeze] leve, suave; [shower] ligero3) (Culin) [meal, food, cake] ligero, liviano (LAm)4) (=low-alcohol) de bajo contenido alcohólico, de bajo contenido en alcohol; (=low-calorie) light, bajo en calorías; (=low-tar) light, de bajo contenido en alquitrán5) (=soft) [sound] leve; [voice] suave6) (=not demanding) [work, duties] ligero- make light work of sth7) (=not serious) [novel, music] ligero•
to make light of sth — quitar importancia a algo8) (=not harsh) [sentence] leve9) (=shallow)10) (=loose) [soil] poco denso2.ADV•
to travel light — viajar con poco equipaje3. N1) lights (Culin) † pulmones mpl2) (=cigarette) cigarrillo m light, cigarrillo m de bajo contenido en alquitrán4.CPDlight aircraft N — avión m ligero
light ale, light beer (US) N — cerveza f rubia, cerveza f clara
light cream N — (US) (=single cream) nata f líquida
light entertainment N — (TV) programas mpl de variedades
light heavyweight N — (=cruiserweight) peso m semipesado
light industry N — industria f ligera
light infantry N — infantería f ligera
light opera N — (=show) opereta f; (=genre) género m lírico
light verse N — poesías fpl festivas
III
[laɪt](pt, pp lit or lighted) VIto light on sth — liter dar con algo, tropezar con algo, encontrar algo
* * *[laɪt]
I
1) u luz flight and shade — luz y sombra; ( Art) claroscuro m
hold it up to the light — ponlo al trasluz or a contraluz
in o by the cold light of day it didn't seem such a good idea — al pensarlo mejor or en frío, no parecía tan buena idea
at first light — al clarear (el día), con las primeras luces
to bring something to light — sacar* algo a la luz
to come to light — salir* a la luz
to hide one's light under a bushel — ser* modesto
to see the light — abrir* los ojos, comprender las cosas
to see (the) light at the end of the tunnel — vislumbrar el fin de sus (or mis etc) problemas
to see the light (of day) — ver* la luz (del día)
to throw o cast o shed light on something — arrojar luz sobre algo; (before n)
light meter — fotómetro m
2) ca) ( source of light) luz f; ( lamp) lámpara fto turn the light off — apagar* la luz
to turn the light on — encender* or (AmL tb) prender or (Esp tb) dar* la luz
warning light — señal f luminosa
to go out like a light — (colloq) ( become unconscious) caer(se)* redondo; ( fall asleep) dormirse* como un tronco, caer* como piedra (AmL fam); (before n)
b) (of car, bicycle) luz fc) ( traffic light) semáforo m3)a) ( aspect) (no pl)to see something/somebody in a good/bad/new o different light — ver* algo/a alguien con buenos/malos/otros ojos
b)in the light of o (AmE also) in light of — (as prep) a la luz de, en vista de
4) c ( for igniting)have you got a light? — ¿tienes fuego?
to put a o set light to something — prender fuego a algo
II
1) adjective -er, -estit's lighter than the other one — pesa menos que el otro, es más ligero or (esp AmL) liviano que el otro
she's a very light sleeper — tiene el sueño muy ligero or (esp AmL) liviano
3)a) ( Meteo) <breeze/wind> suavelight rain — llovizna f
b) ( sparse)the losses were fairly light — las pérdidas fueron de poca consideración or de poca monta
c) ( not strenuous) <work/duties> ligero, liviano (esp AmL)d) ( not severe) < sentence> leve4) ( not serious) <music/comedy/reading> ligeroto make light of something — quitarle or restarle importancia a algo
5)a) ( pale) <green/brown> clarob) ( bright)it gets light very early these days — ahora amanece or aclara muy temprano
it's already light — ya es de día, ya está claro
III
IV
1.
1) (past & past p lighted or lit) ( set alight) encender*, prender2) (past & past p lit) ( illuminate) \<\<room/scene\>\> iluminardimly/brightly lit — poco/muy iluminado
2.
Phrasal Verbs:- light up -
11 canton
canton [kɑ̃tɔ̃]masculine noun━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Of the 26 self-governing cantons that make up Switzerland, four are French-speaking: Jura, Vaud, Neuchâtel and Geneva, and two are both French-speaking and German-speaking: Valais and Fribourg.In France, the cantons are electoral areas into which « arrondissements » are divided for administration purposes. Each canton usually includes several « communes ». The main town in the canton has a « gendarmerie », a local tax office and sometimes a « tribunal d'instance ». → ARRONDISSEMENT COMMUNE* * *kɑ̃tɔ̃nom masculin Administration canton* * *kɑ̃tɔ̃ nm* * *canton nm1 Admin canton; réputé dans tout le canton○ famed for miles around;2 (de route, voie ferrée) section;3 Hérald canton.canton dextre du chef Hérald dexter chief; canton dextre de pointe Hérald dexter base; canton senestre du chef Hérald sinister chief; canton senestre de pointe Hérald sinister base; canton de voie Rail block section; Cantons de l'Est Eastern Townships.[kɑ̃tɔ̃] nom masculin[en Suisse] canton[au Canada] township4. HÉRALDIQUE cantonThis administrative unit in the French system of local government is administered by the local members of the Conseil général. There are between 11 and 70 cantons in each département. Each canton is made up of several communes.Switzerland is a confederation of 23 districts known as cantons, three of which are themselves divided into demi-cantons. Although they are to a large extent self-governing, the federal government reserves control over certain areas such as foreign policy, the treasury, customs and the postal service. -
12 Wright, Frank Lloyd
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA[br]American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.[br]Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.Bibliography1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.Further ReadingE.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.DY
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